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About Rug Dyes
As you know, handmade rugs use only natural yarn-wool, silk and cotton. But with the ink is often quite different. Even in the old culture of rugs, including Iran, synthetic dyes used together with natural.
Most dye used to paint the rugs is "synthetic". Sometimes synthetic dyes used in conjunction with natural. Carpets, colors and shades that attach only natural dyes are rarer, and usually are tribal carpets.
A small collection of colors gives the creator of the carpet even basic material with which he works - sheep wool. Depending on the suit sheared wool sheep are white, brown, yellowish brown, yellow and gray-and sometimes used unpainted. Of course, for a broad range east of the little rugs.
Until the mid 19 century for dyeing the yarn used only natural dyes. They say "paint donated by nature, but at least in one respect, is wrong. Natural dyes no means gift, it is always expensive, sometimes literally its weight in gold. Sources dyes have plants, minerals, and even some members of the animal (specifically insects).
People had learned to get Vegetable paint out of the leaves, fruit, bark and even roots. Blue indigo dye known from ancient times, it mined from the leaf indigofery tropical plants, as well as woad (herbaceous plant, is now being used as fodder). For yellow color yarn used widely, Safflower, sum, turmeric (curry spices), rhubarb, onions and even fustic husks.
Marne roots are used for dyeing fabrics and yarn in the red since ancient times. For the same purpose, used mahogany and Phernambucq. Assign the yarn black and brown color helps catha black locust, oak bark, acorns husks and walnut and tea. Orange-red henna. But in order to get green, indigo used in conjunction with different types of yellow paint.
Bright red carmine (cochineal), extracted from the bug female cochineal insects is common in Southern Europe and Mexico, as well as Kermes, dwelling in the Mediterranean. Kermes mostly used by 16 century, and then changed to cheaper cochineal.
Pigments are often used and mineral substances, such as Protection (yellow, brown, red), lime (white), and cinnabar red (red), and logistics Azurite blue (blue) and malachite (green).
The same natural dye can be in different shades depending on the yarn, local water, and the process of painting additional reagents, including reinforcing. As a fixative used lemon acid, caustic soda and other substances, they protect the paint from the run-off, abrasion, and make it durable. Experienced painters enjoy the same reception as artists, mixing colors to its range-dyes also mixed, with a wide range of colors and shades.
The need for easy-to-use dyes with a wide color range from the Persian rug makers in the mid 19 century. During this period, exports of oriental carpets increased sharply in the West and in Persia (Iran) and other centers carpet near East tried to keep up with demand. It was then that the market came first aniline dyes.
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About Persian Rugs 
